Glaciers & Volcanoes: Alaska to Hawaii

Seattle, the Pacific Northwest's rain-kissed metropolis, commands one of America's most spectacular urban settings — a skyline of glass towers reflected in Elliott Bay with the white cone of Mount Rainier presiding over the horizon on clear days. Pike Place Market, one of the oldest and most vibrant public markets in the country, overflows with Dungeness crab, wild salmon, and blooms of tulips from the Skagit Valley. The neighbourhood of Capitol Hill pulses with independent bookshops and craft breweries; the Space Needle delivers sweeping views of the Cascades and the Olympic Peninsula. Summer, from June through September, offers Seattle's most generous sunshine.

Pressed between the Pacific and the Coast Mountains, Vancouver is the natural gateway to Alaska's Inside Passage — a city where temperate rainforest meets glass towers and where Dungeness crab and wild sockeye salmon define a Pacific Rim cuisine that rivals any in North America. Walk the 22-kilometre Stanley Park seawall, lose yourself in the Granville Island market, then ferry across to Victoria's Edwardian splendour. Alaska cruise season peaks from May through September, making Vancouver an ideal starting point for one of the world's great ocean journeys.

Ketchikan clings to the forested shore of Revillagigedo Island in Alaska's southeastern panhandle — a town so narrow that locals joke it is three miles long and three blocks wide. Revered by the Tlingit people for millennia as a place of abundant salmon, it is today celebrated as the Totem Pole Capital of the World: the collections at Saxman Native Village and Totem Bight State Historical Park preserve the most significant concentration of these monumental artworks anywhere. Creek Street, a boardwalk of colorful historic houses built over Ketchikan Creek, should not be missed. Summer (May–September) brings the best weather, with salmon running in the creeks below.

Sitka, set on the wild west coast of Baranof Island in Southeast Alaska, is one of the Pacific Northwest's most historically resonant ports — a place where Russian Orthodox onion domes rise above totem poles and the great temperate rainforest presses down to the water's edge. The Sitka National Historical Park preserves the site of the 1804 battle between Tlingit warriors and Russian colonisers alongside a magnificent collection of monumental poles. Whale-watching, sea kayaking among sea otters, and brown bear spotting in the surrounding wilderness define the outdoor experience. May through September offers the most accessible and luminous conditions.

Hubbard Glacier, known as the "Galloping Glacier," is a breathtaking natural wonder in East Alaska, captivating visitors with its stunning ice formations and wildlife. Must-do experiences include witnessing the glacier calving and savoring local delicacies such as Dungeness crab and reindeer sausage in nearby Skagway. The best season to visit is during the summer months when the weather is milder and wildlife is abundant.

College Fjord in Prince William Sound contains the world's highest concentration of tidewater glaciers—twenty-six named glaciers visible from its waters, including the advancing Harvard Glacier. Must-dos include watching glacier calving from the ship's deck, spotting harbor seals on ice floes, and listening to the ethereal crackle of dissolving glacial ice. Cruise season runs May–September, with June–July offering the best light and visibility.

Kodiak, Alaska's oldest European settlement and one of America's largest fishing ports, sits on an island home to 3,500 giant Kodiak brown bears—the densest concentration on Earth. Must-dos include floatplane bear-viewing at remote salmon streams, the Alutiiq Museum of indigenous culture, and sampling king crab fresh from the harbor. July and August offer the warmest weather and peak bear-viewing season.

Anchorage, Alaska's largest city, sits dramatically between the Chugach Mountains and Cook Inlet, serving as the gateway to Denali, Kenai Fjords, and the Inside Passage. Must-dos include the Anchorage Museum's Alaska Native collections, the Seward Highway's fjord-like scenery, and sampling king crab and wild-caught salmon. Mid-May through mid-September offers the best conditions, with June and July bringing twenty hours of daylight.

Dutch Harbor, in Alaska's volcanic Aleutian Islands, is America's highest-volume fishing port where king crab fleets brave the Bering Sea's notorious waters. Japanese WWII bombing sites, Unangan indigenous heritage, and a Russian Orthodox cathedral layer history across a landscape of emerald tundra and volcanic peaks. Carnival Cruise Line and HX Expeditions navigate the Aleutian chain to this frontier outpost where extreme weather, extraordinary seafood, and the wild beauty of the North Pacific converge at the edge of the world.

Lihue is the gateway to Kauai, Hawaii's oldest and most lush island, home to the spectacular Na Pali Coast cliffs and the "Grand Canyon of the Pacific" at Waimea Canyon. Must-dos include a Na Pali Coast boat tour, driving to Waimea Canyon's overlooks, and tasting shave ice made with fresh island fruits. The dry season (April–September) offers the best weather and calmest seas for coastal excursions.

Honolulu, the vibrant capital of Hawaii, is a unique port known for its rich history, beautiful beaches, and diverse culinary scene. Must-do experiences include visiting the historic Pearl Harbor and savoring local delicacies like poke and loco moco. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from April to October, when the weather is perfect for exploring this tropical paradise.

Kahului is the principal cruise gateway to Maui, Hawaii's Valley Isle, where volcanic landscapes, plantation-era heritage, and Polynesian culture converge in one of the Pacific's most captivating destinations. Visitors should not miss the predawn drive to Haleakalā's summit for a sunrise above the clouds, nor the chance to taste authentic laulau and fresh ahi poke at local plate lunch counters. The best months to visit are April through June and September through November, when trade winds temper the warmth and whale season crowds have yet to gather along the western shore.

Hilo is the lush, rain-blessed gateway to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island's windward coast, where active lava flows, cascading waterfalls, and an authentic plantation-era town create Hawaii's most dramatically natural destination. Must-dos include Kilauea crater, Rainbow Falls, and the legendary Hilo Farmers Market. September and October tend to be driest, though Hilo rewards visitors year-round.

Seattle, the Pacific Northwest's rain-kissed metropolis, commands one of America's most spectacular urban settings — a skyline of glass towers reflected in Elliott Bay with the white cone of Mount Rainier presiding over the horizon on clear days. Pike Place Market, one of the oldest and most vibrant public markets in the country, overflows with Dungeness crab, wild salmon, and blooms of tulips from the Skagit Valley. The neighbourhood of Capitol Hill pulses with independent bookshops and craft breweries; the Space Needle delivers sweeping views of the Cascades and the Olympic Peninsula. Summer, from June through September, offers Seattle's most generous sunshine.