Rome to London

Rome's ancient maritime gateway since the Emperor Trajan commissioned its harbour in 106 AD, Civitavecchia is the natural prologue to the Eternal City — just seventy minutes southeast by express rail. The port's Renaissance fortress, designed in part by Michelangelo, anchors a working waterfront that has welcomed travellers for millennia. Beyond Rome's unmissable monuments, consider an afternoon in the Civitavecchia thermal baths, drawing on mineral waters prized since antiquity. Spring and autumn offer the ideal balance of mild weather and manageable crowds for exploring the capital's layered history.

Tucked at the head of a deep Ligurian harbour that Byron and Shelley named the Gulf of Poets, La Spezia serves as the ideal base for exploring the Cinque Terre — five cliff-hanging fishing villages threaded by ancient paths above a turquoise sea. The town itself rewards exploration: the Museo Amedeo Lia houses one of Italy's finest private collections of medieval and Renaissance art, and the naval museum reflects La Spezia's long maritime history. A boat excursion to Portovenere and the island of Palmaria, or a trail walk between Vernazza and Corniglia, constitutes a perfect day from port. Best visited April through June and September through October, avoiding the summer heat and peak crowds.

Saint-Tropez is the legendary Côte d'Azur fishing port turned global glamour destination, where Provençal authenticity endures beneath the mythology of yachts and celebrities. Must-dos include browsing the Musée de l'Annonciade's Fauvist masterpieces, tasting tarte tropézienne and fresh-caught rouget, and strolling the Sentier du Littoral coastal path to hidden coves. May through June and September through October offer the best weather with fewer crowds.

Barcelona is the city where Roman history, Gothic grandeur, and Gaudí's delirious Modernisme collide in a Mediterranean coastal capital of astonishing energy and beauty. The Sagrada Família — still under construction after 140 years — continues its audacious ascent toward completion, while the Gothic Quarter's Roman-era foundations and the Passeig de Gràcia's extraordinary concentration of Modernisme masterpieces reward days of exploration. For a complete sensory experience, lose an afternoon in the covered labyrinth of La Boqueria market before descending to the waterfront for Catalan seafood at its finest. May through June and September through October offer the most pleasant weather; the city connects directly to Paris by overnight train.

Málaga distils three thousand years of Mediterranean civilisation into one of Andalusia's most compelling port cities, where the Moorish Alcazaba fortress surveys a modern waterfront of elegant promenades and sun-drenched café terraces. Do not leave without visiting the Museo Picasso — the artist was born here in 1881 — and ascending to the ruined Castillo de Gibralfaro for panoramic views stretching to the Rif Mountains of Morocco on clear days. Malagueta anchovies fried in olive oil and the sweet Pedro Ximénez-laced dessert wine are the city's defining pleasures. The shoulder seasons of April, May, and October offer perfect Mediterranean warmth.

Seville’s port is a vibrant gateway to Andalusia, steeped in history and cultural richness. Don’t miss the chance to indulge in local tapas and experience a traditional flamenco performance. The best time to visit is during the spring, when the city bursts into life with festivals and pleasant weather.

Casablanca is Morocco's largest city, a striking fusion of Berber heritage, French colonial art deco architecture, and contemporary ambition anchored by the towering Hassan II Mosque on the Atlantic shore. Visitors should not miss the Central Market's freshly grilled seafood and a half-day excursion to the imperial capital Rabat or the UNESCO-listed fortress of Aït Ben Haddou. The optimal season for cruising into Casablanca is April through June or September through November, when temperatures hover between twenty and twenty-seven degrees and the Atlantic light renders the white city at its most luminous.

Agadir is southern Morocco's premier coastal resort, rebuilt after a devastating 1960 earthquake into a modern city framed by a magnificent six-kilometer beach and the Atlas Mountains. Feast on just-caught sardines grilled at the harbor, shop for argan oil at the vast Souk El Had, and day-trip to the palm-shaded swimming pools of Paradise Valley. October through April provides ideal temperatures, with Azamara, Costa, and Viking calling at the commercial port.

Arrecife, the unpretentious capital of Lanzarote in Spain's Canary Islands, serves as the gateway to one of the volcanic world's most surreal and spellbinding landscapes — shaped by César Manrique, the visionary artist who ensured there are no high-rises, no billboards, and no compromise between tourism and the island's extraordinary terrain. The Timanfaya National Park's lava fields, the underground lake of the Jameos del Agua, and Manrique's own clifftop home-turned-museum are among the most singular attractions in all of Spain. The Canary Islands enjoy a year-round temperate climate, making any month suitable for a visit. Gran Canaria lies forty minutes by ferry.

Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the cosmopolitan capital of the Canary Islands, balances volcanic grandeur with refined urban pleasures — from the Santiago Calatrava–designed Auditorio rising beside the Atlantic to the ancient dragon tree at Icod de los Vinos and the World Heritage Teide volcano looming above the island. The city's Carnival, second in scale only to Rio de Janeiro's, erupts each February in spectacular costumes and street revelry. Local wines from the volcanic slopes, wrinkled potatoes with mojo verde, and fresh Atlantic fish define the island's culinary character. November through April offers reliably warm, sun-drenched conditions.

Santa Cruz de la Palma is the charming capital of La Palma, known for its colonial architecture and rich maritime history. Must-do experiences include savoring local dishes like "papas arrugadas" and exploring the stunning landscapes of Taburiente National Park. The best time to visit is during the spring and fall months when the weather is mild and perfect for outdoor adventures.

Funchal — Madeira's radiant capital, its name derived from the wild fennel that greeted Portuguese settlers in 1419 — cascades down volcanic hillsides to a deep-water harbour that has welcomed mariners and wanderers for six centuries. The Reid's Palace, opened in 1891, remains one of the Atlantic's most legendary hotels, its clifftop terraces commanding views that inspired Churchill, Shaw, and a century of distinguished guests. The city's floating flower market, levada walks through ancient laurisilva forest, and the exhilarating toboggan descent from Monte combine for days of effortless discovery. The subtropical climate makes Funchal appealing year-round, with spring particularly spectacular for wildflowers.

Lisbon, Portugal's enchanting capital, stands out for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant culture. Must-try experiences include savoring local dishes like bacalhau à brás and pastéis de nata at Mercado da Ribeira. The best time to visit is during the spring or fall, when the weather is mild and the city is alive with festivals and events.

Porto, set dramatically on the granite bluffs above the Douro River, is among Europe's most romantically dishevelled cities — a place where baroque church towers rise above terracotta rooftops and century-old azulejo tilework lines every alley. Cross the iron Dom Luís I Bridge for sweeping views and descend into Vila Nova de Gaia's atmospheric wine lodges for a tasting of aged tawny port direct from the barrel. Seafood is magnificent: salt cod prepared a hundred ways, barnacles glistening with lemon, and custard tarts still warm from the oven. Spring and early autumn offer the finest conditions.

La Coruña, the Atlantic gateway to Spain's verdant Galicia region, is home to the Tower of Hercules — the world's oldest functioning Roman lighthouse and a UNESCO World Heritage Site — and a waterfront of luminous glass galleries unlike anything else in Europe. Visitors should not miss savouring pulpo á feira and wild percebes at the local markets, nor the short journey to Santiago de Compostela along the Camino. Late spring through early autumn offers the mildest weather, with September providing warm days, golden light, and fewer crowds along the granite streets of the Ciudad Vieja.

Gijón is a refined Atlantic port city on Spain's Asturian coast, where a three-thousand-year history, a celebrated cider and culinary culture, and the dramatic headland quarter of Cimadevilla converge to create one of Iberia's most compelling yet uncrowded cruise destinations. Visitors should not miss the traditional cider houses of Cimadevilla and a day trip to the Picos de Europa via Cangas de Onís. The finest months to visit are May through September, when long coastal evenings and mild Cantabrian weather reveal the city at its luminous best.

Bilbao is the Basque Country's cultural capital, where Frank Gehry's iconic Guggenheim Museum anchors a city transformed from industrial port to world-class destination. Visitors should not miss the pintxo bars of the Casco Viejo and the extraordinary Michelin-starred dining scene, alongside the museum's titanium splendor. The ideal months to visit are May through October, when mild Atlantic weather bathes the city in soft light perfect for exploring its riverside promenades and nearby Rioja wine country.

Saint Jean De Luz, France is a distinctive port city where deep cultural heritage meets authentic local atmosphere, featured on itineraries by Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. Must-do experiences include walking the historic center to experience the layered architectural heritage, and seeking out the regional culinary traditions at a locally favored establishment away from the port area. The optimal time to visit is May through September, when mild temperatures and long days favor unhurried exploration.

Bordeaux, France's premier port city, is renowned for its historical significance, stunning architecture, and world-class wine. Must-do experiences include savoring local delicacies at Marché des Quais and exploring the breathtaking art installations at Place de la Bourse. The best season to visit is during the late spring and early autumn, when the weather is pleasant and the vineyards are in full bloom.

Bordeaux, France's premier port city, is renowned for its historical significance, stunning architecture, and world-class wine. Must-do experiences include savoring local delicacies at Marché des Quais and exploring the breathtaking art installations at Place de la Bourse. The best season to visit is during the late spring and early autumn, when the weather is pleasant and the vineyards are in full bloom.

Saint-Malo is a historic fortified port city in France, renowned for its maritime heritage and picturesque architecture. Must-do experiences include savoring local delicacies like galettes and oysters while exploring its charming cobbled streets. The best time to visit is during the summer months when the city comes alive with vibrant festivals and outdoor activities.

St. Peter Port is Guernsey's charming harbor capital, combining a thirteenth-century castle, Victor Hugo's extraordinarily decorated exile home where he wrote Les Misérables, and steep streets of shops and markets overlooking one of the Channel Islands' finest harbors. Must-dos include touring Hauteville House, exploring Castle Cornet's five museums, and tasting the traditional Guernsey bean jar. May through September offers the warmest weather for exploring this compact, walkable port town.

Founded in 1517 by Francis I and rebuilt after World War II devastation by Auguste Perret's visionary grid of reinforced concrete — now a UNESCO World Heritage Site — Le Havre is a city where urban architecture becomes a form of art. The monumental church of Saint-Joseph, lit from within by fifteen thousand pieces of coloured glass, is a masterpiece of post-war modernism. Day trips to Honfleur, the exquisite half-timbered port that launched Impressionism, and to the D-Day beaches of Normandy, make Le Havre one of the channel's most strategically placed cruise calls. The city is most agreeable May through September; the Honfleur excursion rewards in any season.

Cherbourg, a historic port city in Normandy, is renowned for its vibrant maritime heritage and rich culinary offerings. Must-do experiences include exploring the Place de Gaulle Market and savoring local dishes such as "moules marinières" and "calvados." The best season to visit is during the spring or early fall when the weather is mild and the local festivities are in full swing.

Dunkirk, France, France is a distinctive port city where deep cultural heritage meets authentic local atmosphere, featured on itineraries by Azamara. Must-do experiences include walking the historic center to experience the layered architectural heritage, and seeking out the regional culinary traditions at a locally favored establishment away from the port area. The optimal time to visit is June through August, when summer months bring the warmest temperatures and longest days.

IJmuiden is the Netherlands' North Sea gateway to Amsterdam, where the world's largest sea lock marks the entrance to the North Sea Canal. Visitors should taste smoked fish and kibbeling at the harbour, explore the wild dune landscapes of South Kennemerland National Park, and marvel at centuries of Dutch maritime engineering. Late spring through early autumn offers the best weather for coastal exploration.

Zeebrugge — Belgium's principal cruise port, whose very name means 'Sea-Bruges' — serves as the maritime portal to one of Europe's most perfectly preserved medieval cities, with the UNESCO-listed canal network of Bruges just fifteen minutes away, its lace shops, chocolate artisans, and moated Beguinage offering an almost impossibly picturesque step back into the Flemish Golden Age. The port itself carries its own dramatic history: the site of the audacious 1918 Zeebrugge Raid, when the Royal Navy launched a daring assault to block the harbor during World War I. Year-round access to Bruges, Ghent, and Brussels — each within easy reach — makes Zeebrugge a supremely versatile port of call.

Dover stands as Britain's iconic Channel gateway, where towering white chalk cliffs have greeted seafarers for millennia beneath one of England's mightiest medieval castles. Savour the legendary Dover sole at a harbourside table and explore the secret wartime tunnels within the cliffs where the Dunkirk evacuation was orchestrated. Late spring through early autumn offers the finest conditions, with long golden evenings illuminating the chalk face and calm seas for memorable arrivals and departures.

Torquay/England in United Kingdom blends maritime heritage, dramatic coastal scenery, and the understated warmth of the British Isles into a deeply rewarding port of call. Essential experiences include walking the coastal paths and sampling the region's thriving artisanal food scene. The most reliable conditions arrive May through October, when the climate is at its most welcoming for outdoor exploration, though the atmosphere is compelling in any weather. Cruise lines including Ambassador Cruise Line feature this port on their most compelling itineraries. Whether you have a few hours or a full day, the port rewards exploration at every pace and in every direction.

Southampton, England's storied ocean liner capital on the southern coast, carries an indelible maritime identity — this is the port from which the Titanic departed and from which the Queen Mary 2 still sails in grandeur today. The medieval Bargate and City Walls speak to a history stretching back to Roman times, while the SeaCity Museum tells the story of the great liners with moving intimacy. Day excursions reach Winchester's magnificent cathedral, the stately rooms of Beaulieu, and the primeval wilderness of the New Forest — where ancient ponies still roam freely. Spring and summer offer the most pleasant conditions for exploring the region.

Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is a historic port city renowned for its stunning architecture and rich cultural heritage. Must-do experiences include exploring the iconic Edinburgh Castle and indulging in traditional dishes like haggis and Cullen skink. The best season to visit is during the summer, when the city comes alive with festivals and outdoor events.

Scrabster, at mainland Britain's northern frontier, opens the door to John O'Groats, the dramatic Duncansby Stacks, and Caithness's wild moorland beauty. Exceptional Highland seafood, maritime whisky from Old Pulteney, and the Queen Mother's Castle of Mey complement the raw natural drama. Ambassador Cruise Line and Oceania Cruises bring travelers to this windswept Scottish outpost where puffin colonies and Neolithic stones mark a landscape shaped by Atlantic forces.

Ullapool is a whitewashed fishing village on Loch Broom in the Scottish Highlands, gateway to some of Europe's wildest mountain scenery and the Summer Isles archipelago. Must-do experiences include tasting fresh langoustines at the Seafood Shack, exploring the Corrieshalloch Gorge, and cruising to the Summer Isles for seals and eagles. May through September is ideal, with June's longest days and July's whale-watching opportunities.

Greencastle is a fishing village on Ireland's Inishowen Peninsula in County Donegal, overlooked by a fourteenth-century castle ruin and serving as a gateway to Malin Head — Ireland's most northerly point. Must-do experiences include visiting the ancient hillfort of Grianán of Aileach, sampling freshly caught Donegal crab and lobster, and driving the Wild Atlantic Way coastal roads. July and August offer the warmest weather and liveliest traditional music sessions.

Dún Laoghaire is an elegant Victorian harbour town on Dublin Bay, renowned for its sweeping nineteenth-century granite piers, literary heritage tied to James Joyce, and vibrant artisan food culture featuring Dublin Bay prawns, boxty, and farmhouse cheeses. Visitors should walk the historic East Pier for panoramic bay views and explore the Sunday market at People's Park. The ideal season is late May through September, when long Irish summer evenings bathe the waterfront in golden light and outdoor dining comes alive along the seafront.

Holyhead is Wales's maritime gateway on Holy Island, offering dramatic cliff walks to South Stack Lighthouse with its puffin colonies, plus access to Anglesey's Neolithic burial chambers and Edward I's Beaumaris Castle. Must-do experiences include tasting Halen Môn sea salt and lobster at coastal restaurants, exploring Bryn Celli Ddu's ancient passage tomb, and walking the Victorian breakwater. May through September is best, with summer bringing puffins and the longest days.

Fishguard is a characterful Welsh coastal town on the Pembrokeshire coast, famous as the site of the last invasion of Britain in 1797 and the filming location for Under Milk Wood. Visitors should explore the harbourside Lower Town, view the Last Invasion Tapestry, and walk sections of the spectacular Pembrokeshire Coast Path to spot seals and seabirds. May through September offers the best weather for coastal walking and exploring nearby St Davids.

Waterford is Ireland's oldest city, founded by Vikings in 914 AD, featuring a magnificently restored medieval quarter, the world-famous House of Waterford Crystal, and three museums housing the finest medieval collection in the country. Must-dos include Reginald's Tower, crystal-making demonstrations, and tasting the city's unique blaa bread rolls. May through September offers the warmest weather, with September often bringing surprise Indian summer days.

Ringaskiddy is southern Ireland's cruise gateway, providing access to Cork city's celebrated English Market and vibrant pub culture, the Titanic's last port of call at Cobh, and the artisan food trail of the West Cork coast. Must-do experiences include browsing the English Market, visiting the Titanic Experience in Cobh, and sampling craft whiskey at Midleton's Jameson Distillery. May through September offers the most pleasant weather, with summer evenings extending past 10pm.

Southampton, England's storied ocean liner capital on the southern coast, carries an indelible maritime identity — this is the port from which the Titanic departed and from which the Queen Mary 2 still sails in grandeur today. The medieval Bargate and City Walls speak to a history stretching back to Roman times, while the SeaCity Museum tells the story of the great liners with moving intimacy. Day excursions reach Winchester's magnificent cathedral, the stately rooms of Beaulieu, and the primeval wilderness of the New Forest — where ancient ponies still roam freely. Spring and summer offer the most pleasant conditions for exploring the region.