Ancient civilisations, from Italy to Greece

Rome's ancient maritime gateway since the Emperor Trajan commissioned its harbour in 106 AD, Civitavecchia is the natural prologue to the Eternal City — just seventy minutes southeast by express rail. The port's Renaissance fortress, designed in part by Michelangelo, anchors a working waterfront that has welcomed travellers for millennia. Beyond Rome's unmissable monuments, consider an afternoon in the Civitavecchia thermal baths, drawing on mineral waters prized since antiquity. Spring and autumn offer the ideal balance of mild weather and manageable crowds for exploring the capital's layered history.

Salerno is a historic Campanian port city nestled between the Amalfi Coast and Cilento National Park, home to Europe's first medieval medical school and a magnificent Romanesque cathedral with Byzantine bronze doors. Visitors should not miss the Lungomare Trieste promenade at sunset and a plate of hand-rolled scialatielli ai frutti di mare in the atmospheric old town. The mild Mediterranean climate makes Salerno enchanting year-round, though late spring through early autumn offers the most luminous light and the fullest expression of its coastal character.

Reggio di Calabria is the toe of Italy's boot, home to the magnificent Bronzi di Riace bronze warriors and a sun-drenched waterfront promenade overlooking the Strait of Messina and Sicily. Must-dos include visiting the Magna Grecia museum, tasting 'nduja and grilled swordfish, and walking the Lungomare with Mount Etna in view. May through October offers the warmest weather and calmest strait conditions.

Catania is Sicily's dramatic second city, built from the black volcanic stone of Mount Etna and layered with Greek, Roman, and baroque heritage dating to 729 BC. Visitors should not miss the riotous Pescheria fish market and a tasting of authentic pasta alla Norma, followed by an excursion to the summit of Etna for views stretching to the Aeolian Islands. The best months to visit are April through June and September through October, when mild temperatures and thinner crowds allow the city's baroque streetscapes and extraordinary cuisine to be savored at a leisurely, unhurried pace.

Gallipoli is a compelling Mediterranean port in Italy where centuries of history, vibrant local cuisine, and luminous coastal scenery converge. Visitors should explore the historic quarters on foot and surrender to the local dining culture, where fresh seafood and regional wines provide a masterclass in Mediterranean living. Best visited May through October, when the climate is at its most welcoming for outdoor exploration. Cruise lines including Windstar Cruises feature this port on their most compelling itineraries. Whether you have a few hours or a full day, the port rewards exploration at every pace and in every direction.

Parga is a Venetian-influenced coastal town on Greece's Ionian shore, where pastel houses cascade beneath a hilltop fortress to turquoise beaches rivaling any island destination. Visit from May through October for swimming, ancient sites including the Oracle of the Dead, and the most authentic Greek waterfront dining on the mainland coast.

Katakolon is the unassuming port that holds an extraordinary secret: just fourteen kilometres inland lies ancient Olympia, birthplace of the Olympic Games and one of the most sacred sites in the ancient world. The Archaeological Museum of Olympia — housing the breathtaking sculptures from the Temple of Zeus — ranks among Greece's finest, while walking the original stadium still sends a current of wonder through even the most seasoned traveller. The village itself charms with whitewashed tavernas and a relaxed pace that feels authentically Greek. Katakolon is best visited April through October; late spring and early autumn offer ideal temperatures for the Olympia excursion.

Itea is the Gulf of Corinth port serving ancient Delphi — the most important oracle of the ancient world — where the Sacred Way, Temple of Apollo, and the extraordinary Charioteer bronze await on the slopes of Mount Parnassus. Visit April through June or September through November via Seabourn or Ponant for the ascent through a million-tree olive grove to the site where ancient Greeks believed the navel of the Earth could be found.

Nafplion, the first capital of modern Greece, is a refined Peloponnesian port town where Venetian architecture, Byzantine churches, and neoclassical elegance converge along one of the Mediterranean's most beautiful waterfronts. Climb the 999 steps to the Palamidi Fortress for commanding views of the Argolic Gulf, then descend for an afternoon tasting Agiorgitiko wines in the nearby Nemean valley. The best months to visit are April through June and September through October, when mild temperatures and fewer crowds allow the town's intimate charm to shine.

Hydra is a car-free Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, celebrated for its 1821 revolutionary naval history, neoclassical stone mansions, and an artistic heritage that once drew Leonard Cohen. Wander the cobblestone lanes by foot or donkey, taste *amygdalota* almond cookies and lemon-bright *psarosoupa* at harborside tavernas, and hike pine-shaded trails to clifftop monasteries overlooking the Aegean. Visit between late April and mid-June or September through October for wildflower-strewn hillsides, warm seas, and the golden light that has captivated painters and poets for generations.

Piraeus, the bustling port city of Athens, is a vibrant blend of ancient history and modern charm, inviting travelers to explore its rich culture. Must-do experiences include savoring traditional Greek dishes at the Varvakeios Agora and embarking on day trips to nearby islands like Symi and Nydri. The best time to visit is during the spring and fall when the weather is pleasant and the tourist crowds are fewer.